IoT hardware: What are the 6 levels of IoT?

What is the Internet of Things?

Internet of Things or, by the acronym "IoT", brings a current and transforming concept about the connection between physical objects using sensors, chips, software, and other IoT hardware.

When we talk about “things” in IoT, we are referring to any object that had the implementation of sensors and other digital systems to work more intelligently through the exchange of information with people and other hardware, not necessarily using internet connections.

It can be understood, then, that “things” - through digital systems added to them - are capable of connecting to other objects and people, allowing the sending of commands, the return of data on use, the identification of the presence of each other, among other applications.

Confused? So, let's better understand how IoT hardware works in practice!

How does it work?

In practice, the meaning of what is IoT is much simpler. After all, it is about the process of making common things and objects smart. In the past there were phones without any kind of connectivity, today we have smartphones.

Which, of course, can send information, collect, connect with other hardware, such as smart TVs, tablets, sensors, etc.

It is worth remembering that IoT interactivity can occur in several ways, such as:

• Via radio frequency ( RFID );
• Internet
• WiFi
• Ethernet
• Bluetooth
• And other types of connection.

This exchange of information can be done between:

• People and objects
• Objects and objects

And they can vary in complexity and performance, for example, the hardware can receive information

• Store them
• Perform an action or
• Send a reply

If we can summarize, therefore, what IoT is would be:

Technology that transforms simple objects into IoT hardware capable of connecting with other things, objects, and people in order to exchange information, through connections such as internet, wifi, Bluetooth, etc.

Internet of Things Applications

In addition to generating more comfort and reducing everyday obstacles, the Internet of Things can optimize tasks, reduce costs and learn patterns of use and connection of hardware through Machine Learning, providing more accurate and complete single board information, and data acquisition at the right time for the user.

Because it can be used on any object, the Internet of Things technology has several applications, from the simplest ones, such as turning a lamp on and off with remote control on your smartphone, to larger and more complex systems such as Smart Cities and end-to-end industrial processes.

IoT project in Smart Cities

The Internet of Things has transformed the current concept of the city.

Technological innovative cities, use of IoT and Machine Learning to process information collected by sensors in physical objects of various sectors that make up a city and aim to increase the quality of life of people living there.

Even cities that cannot be considered native Smart Cities already use open source Internet of Things to correct problems of accelerated urbanization and improve existing processes to continue expanding and developing in a sustainable and personalized way.

IIoT: Industry 4.0

IIoT, Industrial Internet of Things, is the IoT area that focuses on industries and other business establishments. It can also be called Industry 4.0 for bringing an evolution of Industry 3.0 (characterized by automation and robots), being powered by cyber-physical systems, where technology is used to optimize the existing automated systems with data processing and artificial intelligence.

Increasing the efficiency of the production of goods and industrial processes with the help of the Internet of Things hardware provides lower expenses with production and labor, stricter quality management, and greater control of the production and distribution of that good or service.

However, IoT is not only used within industries. It also supports logistics planning and management processes, remote administration, and business intelligence.

Using patterns and constant crossing of data in real-time, we can also find it inside offices and laboratories.

IoT technology features in Marketing

In the area of Marketing, information on the behavior of the consumer market and its predictability are of great value.

Being connected, understanding the ways your consumer reaches you, and having good methods of working with the data generated for decision making is indispensable.

Having usability data, location, specific information about who your customer is, a marketing professional can better customize and segment your campaigns, understanding more and more the bottlenecks of your customer's buying process and optimizing them for better experiences.

With the Internet of Things and the information provided by objects used by customers until they reach your product, real-time insights can be obtained to change campaigns and methods, reducing spending on what does not bring such satisfactory results and enabling investment in what really gives good returns.

Smart homes and consumer goods

Today there are already many people who integrate their homes into a large intelligent system, where lighting, temperature, security, among other factors are controlled at your fingertips through a smartphone connected to objects in the home.

Remotely monitoring your home's security system, for example, or what your pet is doing while you're at work is something that didn't exist a few years ago and is now possible (and easy!) Thanks to cameras and sensors connected to a network that sends instant information to an application on your phone memory.

Presence and motion sensors, camera activation, intelligent automation of home items, and virtual assistants in smart speakers are the features of Internet of Things in action inside your home.

Through the recognition of user habits and preferences by artificial intelligence, starting a day with the automatic activation of your coffee maker, notifications of your appointments, and real-time information on how to reach them, is no longer a distant reality.

IoT is digital center transformation

One of the greatest examples of digital center transformation in recent years is the increase in the use of Internet of Things in homes and in work relationships.

In reality, this is just the beginning of a broad change that will take place in the market and in society with IoT.

Two other technologies have been potentiating the growth of IoT power on a single-board computer in the world:

1. Artificial intelligence is providing more autonomy and learning for the objects connected to the Internet;
2. The blockchain promotes more security so that objects connected to networks are not hacked.

Allied with IoT, these technologies are making a revolution in the market. But it doesn't stop at that level, since growth is exponential and sometimes unpredictable.

The great driver of the Internet of Things

A technological matrix phenomenon is the main driver of the Internet of Things: Big Data.

When talking about fixed and mobile objects platform connected to the internet, one must first think about data center.

These objects create information as they transmit information to each other. Thus, the more objects connected, the greater the number of information produced and extracted for use.

As a result, the accumulation, analysis, and use of information will be more significant, especially for companies. Business organizations have the most significant IoT flow, as they have a large number of objects that can be connected, or already connected.

In the relationships of companies that use Internet of Things tutorials, this phenomenon is even more relevant. In addition, with information in hand, companies make fewer mistakes for general purpose, produce more, and win more customer's input.

it is all due to the IoT security, low power software solution along with IoT sensors it provides.

What are the 6 levels of IoT?

Level Description

• Sounding level: The layer is integrated with existing IoT hardware (RFID, sensors, actuators, etc.) in order to recognize/control the physical world and collect relevant info.
• Network layer: The layer provides basic network support and information transmission over a wireless or wired network.
• Service level: Services are created and managed at this level.
• Interface level: The layer provides interaction between users and with third-party applications.
• Scalability: How many IoT hardware devices are supported?
• Cloud-Based Edge Computing: multilayer software solution like Arduino Uno

1. What are the skills required for IoT?

How to start learning IoT

IoT as a concept covers a wide range of center technologies. A good basis for getting started in IoT development will be knowledge on one of the following points:

• Experience in programming in one of the languages: Java, .NET, Python, PHP, Go, C ++.
• Experience in web or mobile development.
• Knowledge of big data technologies for collecting, storing, processing data.
• Data analytics skills.
• Knowledge in the field of machine learning.

A four-step approach to mastering IoT application

So how do you get started building your own IoT solutions? The following four-step approach will help you.

1. Exploration phase
2. Prototyping phase
3. Field test phase
4. Transformation phase

Step 1: Exploration Phase

First of all, you need to investigate how the IoT learning concept can affect or contribute to your company's core security IoT business.

As a team of business and technical people at your center, ask them multiple questions, such as what is most important to them today, what things require a network connection, and more, to identify important resources (storage, memory, information center, hardware solutions, and product services based content) your company may not know about. or development team, or gaps.

Step 2: prototyping phase

Next, implement your ideas in the form of prototypes. For example, what happens if you equip your current hardware with telemetry facilities?

The prototype helps you validate your hardware design, the type of intelligence required, connectivity, and new mandatory safety features.

The prototyping phase should be as short and interactive as possible.

Developers unfamiliar with IoT devices can experiment with simple, inexpensive kits like the Raspberry Pi and Arduino to quickly grasp the new cloud paradigm.

The prototyping phase complements the exploration phase and prepares you for real-world experiments in the field. Prototypes help you learn, so a failure in a particular component of a solution is as informative as a failure in another.

Step 3: Field Testing Phase

Next, test your IoT solutions products in a real business environment.

The length of the field test phase depends on the type of information being collected, the nature of the business change, the degree of competition, the choice of technology, and the regulatory environment.

Like the prototyping phase, the field test phase is an extended continuation of the exploration phase, but this time under real-world conditions.

For example, is the company fully capable of actually executing transactions from anywhere? Since the goal of field trials is to translate the found solutions into a business strategy, it is important that the results at this stage are as realistic as possible.

The same caveats apply here as for the prototyping phase; it may be necessary to prepare and conduct several tutorials to identify different aspects of potential.

Step 4: transformation phase

Finally, once you've gained some insight through field tutorials, you can move on to transforming your business center with your IoT cloud-based software solutions.

For this, you can use multiple devices, it will help you to control IoT cloud operations.

At this stage, various aspects of business readiness should be carefully evaluated and investigated - in terms of personnel, asset management system, operations, customer relations, legal structures, analytical information - and, if necessary, make appropriate changes.

Open-source Cloud hardware Architecture: Three key elements are usually included in IoT learning architecture:

• IoT devices - Devices that can be connected to a wider network with cables or wireless connectivity.
• Networks - In a similar way to home routers, a network or a gateway connects several IoT devices to the cloud.
• Cloud - Remote servers located in data centers with secure storage.

IoT devices create information - small bytes of simple information that represent records of information sent such as temperature, humidity, or location.

This is commonly called 'little information' because it is small in size.

usually this information stores at different storage centers. it can be a computer module (Linux, arm based products e.g).

The purpose of a storage center and tutorials is to continue a fully working computer module that efficiently works with all major products.

hence, IoT center provides powerful product-based services that assist in making lives easier without considering the size of the business.

When different devices send this small data to software, over a network to the cloud, it is possible to perform monitoring and over time the amount of data will be greater.

This is usually described as 'big data platforms', at this stage the Internet of Things becomes intelligent. Big data allows you to analyze thousands or millions of data to learn, understand and control something much better.

This could be the analysis of the device sensors connected to certain events, results, or actions. For example, using wi fi or ambient light sensors in public lighting knowing that it gets dark later in the spring so that later on this analytics will save electricity.

Also to identify a machine that vibrates more than usual and perhaps means that it could be almost failing, allowing only the need to buy a few parts and schedule predictive maintenance.

IoT protocols

Nowadays there are many languages and protocols suitable for IoT, from the usual WiFi or Bluetooth to new systems like LoraWAN, arm, and Sigfox.

Each protocol is suitable for a specific range of applications and will depend on several factors.

• Data transfer speed - How much information will be sent to the IoT system?
• Power consumption - Just like in the case of wearable devices, do you have a battery with a short lifespan?
• Range - Does the transmission distance need only a few meters or a few kilometers?
• Frequency - What are the frequencies available in the region?

Designing for IoT learning tutorials

Most of the technologies required to create IoT learning applications are not new, each element has reached a certain maturity and cost efficiency, which means that they are now more accessible to hold multi-purpose tutorials.

The available IoT application modules, make it possible to develop projects very easily. In this sense, we find more examples in the passive components and in the connectors, now they change to adapt to the needs of the most innovative IoT projects

also in the case of USB-C, which allows for fewer cables connecting wearable devices and ceramic 0.6mm x 0.3mm multilayer capacitors that are smaller than ever.

The purpose of the numerous IoT platforms is to provide a multitude of management resources and sets of components to the system that will help to develop a single system capable of carrying out these functions. However,

the creation of an IoT solution for a company depends on the host of the IoT platform and the quality of support.

Many of them offer these valuable resources in a limited way for tests on clients for example

maximum of 10 connected devices, active processing time, amount of information transmitted/received.